The Struggles of Mexicans in Mexican-American History Essay -- History

The Struggles of Mexicans in Mexican-American HistoryMexicos problems origin follower began upon the arrival of the Spanish in 1492, as illustrated in major(ip) Problems in Mexican American History by Zaragosa Vargas as well as in the video documentary, Chicano. The sequence of events which date substantiate to the precolonial Spanish days and take place in Mexicos history eventually provoke the national movement that called for social justice and equality, especially subsequently the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Then came the question of group and individual identity. Those of Mexican heritage were broken up into the groups Chicanos, which were the Americanized Mexicans or the Mexicans born in the United States, and the veridical Mexicans, who were the native born people which were discriminated against the most. The Spaniards two main goals in invading, conquering and in the conquest of the Mexico region were to maintain political control over the Indians, which dwell Mexico at the time and to convert the Indians to Christianity. As Vargas states in her book, Major Problems in Mexican American History, the Spanish crown pursued its double goal of Christianization and Hispanicization, the knowledge domain of the Indian was systematically destroyed through a sustained policy of military campaigns and forced labor disease and malnutrition, which also took a toll on the native populations(Vargas 91). The Spaniards were able to divide the indigenous people of Mexico and conquer them with the help of other ethnic groups occupying the Mexico region. In planning the conquest, the Spaniards would identify a group that would ally with them to further defeat the ethnic group in power. The collaboration of the Spaniards and the rival ethni... ...his essay on Mexicans, the documentary provides visual sources for facts discussed in Vargas book (Spencer Anderson). The website is detailed in the way in which it describes the events, and lists the facts leading up to the creation of Chicano Park.Mexicans postulate faced problems ever since 1492, when the expansion of the Spanish took on full force. Ever since, they have continued to encounter many more, which involve discrimination and oppression. Their history concerning Spanish conquest and colonization, and their migration into the United States was very troublesome, and it has not improved that much either. Works CitedVargas, Zaragosa. Major Problems in Mexican American History. Boston, Ma Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999.Chicano Park Website http//chicanopark.orgChicano Documentary Series Website http//www.pbs.org/chicano/index.html

Hardys Presentation of Bathsheba and Fannys Experiences in Far from t

Hardys Presentation of Bathsheba and Fannys Experiences in Far from the Madding CrowdHow does this novel give out the amicable reality of the time?In this essay I will wager at Thomas Hardys Far from the MaddingCrowd in the first section, I will look at the different ways Hardyportrays Bathsheba and Fannys experiences. Since Hardy based thisnovel in the 1840s, and being true to history, it does reveal a lotabout the well-disposed reality of the time. However, Hardy could have adifferent perspective, as he is writing in the 1870s, which may haveaffected his view on the 1840s social ideal.Fanny is offered almost as a complete contrast to Bathsheba Fannywants to get married (though this could possibly be because she ispregnant), she has no m unmatchedy, no home and no family, while Bathshebahas everything (except the family) that Fanny doesnt have, includingher boyfriend too, Troy.Bathsheba at the beginning represents a very rare kind of Victorian char, one who is proud, strong and independent. While Fanny is thenave and fallen woman. As you progress through the novel, you see apeculiar change coming over both women, they seem to change theircharacters, Bathsheba becoming more uniform Fanny, and Fanny becomingmore like Bathsheba. Fanny shows her strength as she almost pullsherself down the road by the will of her mind, holding onto the railshe advanced, thrusting one hand forward, then the other, leaning overit whilst she dragged her feet on beneath a lesser woman would havejust sat down and given up, but she shows us her strength of characteras she tricks her body into making the steps, that would take her evernearer, to her death, so to speak.. Bathsheba however, allows herselfto b... ... Even through the action of the characters,especially the males, you can see how hard-fought it was for a female inthe 1840s society, the stir Bathsheba cause when she walks into thefarmers market for at her first entry the lumbering dialogues hadceased, nearly every face turned towards her and again at the farmersmarket your attention is brought to the fact she is the only womanthere the single one of her sex that the room contained a sign thatwoman were non readily accepted in the farming world, or any placethat had money as its bases.So in conclusion to be a woman in 1840s based on Hardys descriptionwould have been a very trying experience, a womans role was to bedressed up in sensibly clothes and displayed, never to do anything butsit at home and do the needle work, never to go and try somethingdifferent. To be seen and not heard.

Science in Shelleys Frankenstein :: Frankenstein Essays

Science in Shelleys Frankenstein In Shelleys Frankenstein, its interesting to use the text to ask the question, whose interests lie at the heart of science? Why is sea captain Frankenstein incite to plunge the questions that bringing life to inanimate matter can bring? Victor Frankensteins life was destroyed because of an obsession with the power to create life where no(prenominal) had been before. The monster he created could be seen as a representation of all those who are wronged in the selfish name of science. We can use Shelleys book to seize on parallels in our modern society, and show that there is a danger in the impersonal relationship that science creates between the scientist and his work. It seems to me that Shelley was saying that when science is done scarcely on the basis of discovery without horizon to the affect that the experimentation can have, we risk endangering everything we hold dear. When describing the monster he had created, Frankenstei n says No mortal could support the plague of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. I had gazed on him while unfinished he was scrofulous then but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived. (Shelley, 235) This was Victors response to the reaching out of the monster towards Victor on the night of his creation. Victor, who for months had worked on this creation, was suddenly confronted with the results of his scientific pursuit. He had labored night and day in an effort to do something that had never been done by man before. He had figured out the scientific way to bring life to that which was dead, so he blindly went forth and did it. He never truly stopped to think what the consequences of his action might be. He knows that the creature he is making is ugly, but he never wonders what will happen to the creature after(prenominal) h e is brought to life as a result of that ugliness. The monster is made oversized so its easier for Victor to work on him, yet no thought is taken about how the creature might feel about such a form.

The Wealth Effect Essay -- Wealth Effect Stock Market Economy Essays

The riches EffectThe Wealth Effect refers to the propensity of bulk to spend more than(prenominal) if they have more assets. The premise is that when the nurse of equities rises so does our wealth and disposable income, thus we feel more comfortable about consumption.The wealth effect has helped power the US economic system over 1999 and part of 2000, but what happens to the economy if the market tanks? The Federal Reserve has reported that for every $1 billion in increase in the value of equities, Americans will spend an additional $40 million a year. The wealth effect has become a growing concern because more and more bulk are investing furthermore the Federal Reserve has very little direct control over broth prices. The numbers are staggering. Since the end of 1995, home base stock holdings have doubled to more than $12 trillion dollars. And, for the first time, equities are the most valuable asset of the typical American household, not the home. When it comes to spendi ng money, consumers take all their financial resources into consideration, from their income to their home. When an asset surges in value for a sustained period of time, such as the stock market in the 1990s, people feel flush and are willing to spend some additional money, perhaps by buying a fancy car or by taking a more expensive vacation. A good number of Wall Street analysts blame the wealth effect for todays negative savings rate.Declining stock prices affect firms in several ways. First, lower stock prices, especially induced by profit warnings, increase shareholder pressure on managers to cut be by laying off workers and scaling back investment. Second, the recent correction has put m any stock options underwater, and it is unclear to what extent workers will bargain for more cash in place of options and how this might affect payroll costs and inflation. Third, the factors dragging down stock prices typically spur investors to demand higher gamble premiums, which boosts th e cost of financing business investment. This takes the form of increased spreads of corporate bond and commercial paper interest rates relative to Treasury yields and lower prices for any new stock that any firm dares to offer. Aside from raising the going price of new finance, the increased uncertainty associated with lower stock prices can affright investors so much, that the availability of finance is reduced. Since the... ...bear market if we remain at war for a longsighted time in the future. We have seen in the past month, sozzled gains in the major stock indices. Some are stating that the bull market may be back with the war on terrorism going well, and others are insisting that the gains are only short term and that the market will retest the lows hit in mid-September. Only time will tell on how long it will take for our market to completely rebound into a bull market like we saw in the 90s. Sources1.)Balke, Nathan. The Economy in proceeding. Federal Reserve Bank of Da llas.2.)Angeletos, George , David Laibson, Andrea Repetto, Jeremy Tobacman, and Stephen Weinberg. The Hyperbolic Buffer Stock Model. 3 March 2001.3.)Clarke, Grahm and Steven Caldwell. Wealth in America. Ohio State 1998.4.)Fidelity Investments. 2001 Estimated Stock Wealth Effects on Consumption.5.)American Express Company. 2001 American Express ever day spending survey.6.)John Khoury. Yahoo Finance http//finance.yahoo.com.7.)U.S. Census Bureau. www.census.gov/. 2001.8.)Swanson, KC. Is the negative wealth effect all its cracked up to be. The Street.com 29 March 2001.

Alice Walker :: Biography Biographies Essays

Alice Walker Alice Walker, one of the best-known and most highly respected writers in the US, was born in Eatonton , Georgia, the eighth and last child of Willie Lee and Minnie Lou subsidization Walker. Her parents were sharecroppers, and money was not always available as needed. At the tender age of eight, Walker lost sight of one eye when one of her aged(a) brothers shot her with a BB gun by accident. This left her in somewhat a depression, and she secluded herself from the other children. Walker felt like she was no womb-to-tomb a little girl because of the traumatic experience she had undergone, and she was filled with shame because she thought she was unpleasant to look at. During this seclusion from other kids her age, Walker began to write poems. Hence, her line of achievement as a writer began. Despite this tragedy in her life and the feelings of inferiority, Walker became valedictorian of her class in high school and received a rehabilitation scholarship to attend Spel man. Spelman College was a college for black women in Atlanta, Georgia, not far from Walkers home. While at Spelman, Walker became involved in civil rights demonstrations where she spoke out against the silence of the institutions curriculum when it came to African-American culture and history. Her involvement in such activities led to her dismissal from the college. So she transferred to Sarah Lawrence College in New York and had the opportunity to travel to Africa as an exchange student. Upon her return, she received her bachelor of arts degree from Sarah Lawrence College in 1965. She received a writing lodge and was planning to spend it in Senegal, West Africa, but her plans changed when she decided to take ajob as a case worker in the New York City upbeat department. Walker later moved to Tougaloo, Mississippi, during which clock she became more involved in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. She used her own and others experiences as material for her searing examinations of politics. She also volunteered her time working at the voter registration drive in Mississippi. Walker often admits that her decision not to take the writing fellowship was based on the realization that she could never live happily in Africa or anywhere else until she could live freely in Mississippi. Walker found the love of her life in 1967, a white activist civil rights lawyer name Mel Leventhal, and they were married in 1967.

Alice Walker :: Biography Biographies Essays

Alice Walker Alice Walker, champion of the best-known and most heightsly respected writers in the US, was born in Eatonton , Georgia, the eighth and conk child of Willie Lee and Minnie Lou Grant Walker. Her parents were sharecroppers, and money was not always available as needed. At the tender age of eight, Walker lost sight of one eye when one of her older br opposites shot her with a BB gun by accident. This left her in somewhat a depression, and she secluded herself from the other children. Walker matte up like she was no longer a little girl because of the traumatic experience she had undergone, and she was filled with shame because she thought she was unpleasant to look at. During this seclusion from other kids her age, Walker began to write poems. Hence, her career as a writer began. Despite this tragedy in her life and the feelings of inferiority, Walker became valedictorian of her class in high school and authoritative a rehabilitation scholarship to attend Spelman. Sp elman College was a college for black women in Atlanta, Georgia, not far from Walkers home. While at Spelman, Walker became involved in civil rights demonstrations where she spoke out against the silence of the institutions curriculum when it came to African-American culture and history. Her involvement in much(prenominal) activities led to her dismissal from the college. So she transferred to Sarah Lawrence College in New York and had the opportunity to travel to Africa as an exchange student. Upon her return, she received her bachelor of arts degree from Sarah Lawrence College in 1965. She received a create verbally fellowship and was planning to spend it in Senegal, West Africa, but her plans changed when she decided to take ajob as a case worker in the New York City welfare department. Walker later moved to Tougaloo, Mississippi, during which time she became more involved in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. She used her own and others experiences as material for her sea ring examinations of politics. She also volunteered her time working at the voter registration drive in Mississippi. Walker often admits that her decision not to take the writing fellowship was based on the realization that she could never live happily in Africa or anywhere else until she could live freely in Mississippi. Walker open up the love of her life in 1967, a white activist civil rights lawyer name Mel Leventhal, and they were married in 1967.

Implementing E Learning System In Indian Secondary Education Education Essay

1. Introduction It has been argued that computer-based communicating is the most cardinal alteration in communications engineering in the last 150 ancient ages ( De la sola Pool, 1984 ) . The extension of the computing machine along with cyberspace has fashioned many a(prenominal) alterations in all walk of life, particularly in instruction. This transmutation has changed the modal value we larning and reshaping the traditional instruction system into a newer system called e-learning E- acquisition is defined as direction delivered on a computing machine via cyberspace or Compact disc read-only memory ( Clark & A Mayer, 2007 ) . Nowadays, e-learning is done by Internet in which preparation ( or ) learning regularitys comprises of power point innovations, pictures, chat devices and on-line web sites.E-learning is based on the rule that Every human being must be able to larn through alternate agencies, to h mature meet chances for preparation, independent of physical or ar range restraints, to be able to take what and how to larn, and to be the focal point of the acquisition procedure ( Bilalis et al, 2002 ) .The research aims to concentrate the jounce on implementing e-learning system for pupils analyzing at a secondary and broad(prenominal)er secondary degrees in Indian schools. The kids from mannikins 6 to 12, vulcanized between 14 and 18 atomic number 18 considered for research. The research is proposed to be done by roll uping informations through journals maintained by instructors and questionnaires from assorted classs such as instructors, pupils and p bents. It represents a assorted try including some(prenominal) Qualitative and Quantitative Methods.The acquisition procedure through e-learning may alter the school pupils approach towards their surveies. By e-learning today s kids may be allowed to mature self construct do learning independent, sustainable, of all time turning and develop basic determination for doing accomplishments. Students require higher degree of instruction to achiever in the new, lore based society.This research chiefly scrutinizes the benefits, contemplations, issues and attacks to e-learning in India secondary instruction system. It besides highlights e-learning s pertinence and acknowledging in developing state similar India.1.1 Aim of the researchThis research aims to research the benefits of implementing e-learning in Indian secondary instruction.1.2 Rationale for the researchTo promote the pupil -driven lessons, where the pupils take the most duty for their acquisition.To demo the importance of increase the present acquisition system with e-learning tools ( eg -personal computing machine, CD-ROMs, audio ocular AIDSs and Internet )1.2 Aims of the researchA canvas would be carried out between the traditional educational system and e-learning system two methods.E-learning leave behind be implemented in anyone the Indian school for little period, and the public presentation of the pupils is recorded in the signifier of diaryA questionnaire result be framed to acquire the feed arse from the school studentsThe result of the research result make the consciousness among the Indian instruction system in slaying of e-learning.1.3 Research QuestionThe research as proposed in the purposes and aims above will try to reply the undermentioned research inquiriesCould e-learning be a alteration agent in the Indian instruction system?What be the benefits and jobs in implementing e-learning in Indian instruction system?2. Literature Reappraisal2.1 Introduction To run into the demands of Indian planetary sparing system, there must be matching acceptances of e-learning in child instruction to develop twenty-first century accomplishments. Computers are reshaping kids s lives, at place and at school in profound and unexpected ways ( S.K. Nayak et Al, 2010 ) .For transforming the India into developing state, it has to increase the literacy from 66 % to the ideal.But, it is hard to accomplish the instruction for all end, burdened by high figure of nonreaders and deep spread lies between urban and rural countries. Even though the authorities introduces new strategies like National Literacy Mission, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan and cooked mid twenty-four hours meal planme, the betterment has been slow.Finally, the instruction system should be changed. The replacement for the traditional instruction system should be implemented. This research aims to research that e-learning is the altering agent for this scenario. There are many surveies that stress the advantages of the e-learning oer the traditional instruction system.The similar research is done on the subject Traditional Education vs. E-learning in the vision of Roumanian pupils reveals the undermentioned consequences that, the e-learning platform increases the flexibleness of pupils study plan. The lasting admission to classs, possibility to hold speedy feed-back from instructors and decreased clip f or survey determine the positive govern of the platform on the pupils ( Tutunea.M et al, 2009 ) .In add-on to these, the undermentioned lines emphasis more on e-learning The old regulations no longer use. Traditional attacks to developing the corporate take on force are time-consuming and agonizingly slow. Old-style, trickle-down preparation with its one-style-fits-all attack besides can non maintain step. That is what makes e-learning so exciting to so many people ( Cross.J et al, 2002 )2.2 DefinitionThere are excessively many definitions of e-learning. The definition provided by the sellers is dubious and the academic definition provided by governmental and professional organic structures are more dependable, but unsounded varied. The American Society for Training and Development ( ASTD ) is the universe s biggest professional organic structure for larning and development. This makes it arguably better placed than most to specify what e-learning is.The ASTD primitively de fined e-learning like this E-learning covers a broad set of applications and procedures, such as Web-based acquisition, mulish schoolrooms, computer-based acquisition and digital coaction. It includes the bringing of content via Internet, intranet/ extranet ( LAN/WAN ) , audio- and videotape, transmit broad-cast, synergistic Television, and CD-ROM ( Fee.K, 2009 ) .Degree centigrades UsersVIMALKUMARDesktopDesktop filesResearch filese-learning1.jpgFig1. ( Spinello, S. Online )2.3 Why does e-learning affair in secondary instruction?E-learning offer new gaps for the school students. It will back up them from the early childishness instruction in many facets such asA opportunity to back up and develop the kids s acquisition and dramas experiencesA possibility to turn out the rational degree of the kids, by do them understand the basic constructs clearlyOpportunities to beef up the teacher professional acquisition and conceptual degreeOpportunities to back up and beef up relationship s and communicating between school students, instructors and parents.2.4 comparings between Traditional and E-learning attacksThe difference in the tabular array clearly explains the significance of the e-learning over the traditional educational system.MenuTraditional ApproachE-learningClass room-Physical limited size -Synchronous-Unlimited -Any clip, any whereContent-PowerPoint/transparency/etc Textbooks/library Video -Collaboration-Multimedia / simulation -Digital Library -On demand -Syn & A Asyn CommunicationPersonalization-One larning way-Learning way and gait determined by user2.5 E-learning environment followed by primary School Our student can now see near anyplace in the existence at any minute in history, and where the lone bound to what they can larn is their ain imaginativeness. Our kids are perfectly enthralled ( Archer.M, 2007 ) this is the statement submitn by the headspring instructor, Mr. Hicks of Broadclyst Primary School, UK.The Broadclyst Primary School ( 1810 ) in Devon have implemented e-learning by adding new ITech suite in their schoolroom. Every student have uninterrupted entree networked Personal computer with broadband cyberspace connexion. This someone schoolroom aims to revolutionise the manner instruction and larning takes topographic point in the twenty-first century.These sorts of e-learning system will make a wonder towards their surveies among the school student. The pupil exposes their sentiment that the schoolroom are like heaven. If, we implement the same sort of system in India, the pupils will acquire more hypnotized towards the school. It may diminish the bead out of the school student from the school.Benefits of e-learningThe e-learning creates more duties to the pupils. The pupils have to put their ain ends and larn the topics by themselvesIt allows entree to educational resources from outside the book through cyberspace.It allows pupils to come in contact and to work in coaction with pupils from other states and civilizationsThe larning stuffs such as class notes, diagrams and reading list are available to pupils at any clip.E-learning tools facilitate both instructors and pupils with advanced, originative and sharing thoughts.E-learning delivers larning faster.Use the scholar s enthusiasm for digital engineerings.Salvage on costE-learning -Learning anytime, anyplaceE-learning allows the pupils to understand the construct in greater item and increase deepness of acquisition.2.6 Challenges and chances in implementing e-learningIntensive preparation to school instructors in the beginning implementing the e-learning, preparation should be given to the instructors in order to make a learning environment.Awareness and Workshops- while implementing the e-learning in rural country, the pupils and parents of that vicinity should be give consciousness about the e-learning. So the presentation, seminars & A workshops demands to be conducted for society in order to understand the importance of i t.Bandwidth limitations-The cyberspace connexion should hold high bandwidth, or else it will take to slower public presentation for sound, picture and intensive artworks. It besides takes long clip for download.Consequence on teachers-Web based acquisition will take to decrease in work force every geek per as instructors are concerned. This will take to oppose by instructor s organisation.Access-Every school will non hold equal chance to information because of entree issues. The schools with fewer budgets will ever confront this job. This is the major job every bit per as India is concerned, as there is large spread between hapless & A rich communities in India.Research Methodology All research is a practical activity necessitating the exercising of opinion in context it is non a affair of merely following methodological regulations ( Hammersley, M. et al 1994 ) .The research paradigm identified as most appropriate for this survey was an qualitative ( or ) ethnographical attack, the informations to be placid during the research procedure has to be carefully considered.Harmonizing to my analysis, it is clear that a individual methodological analysis can non be used in this peculiar country as information s cogency and dependability may be rather low. Therefore, the triangulation attack, uniting both qualitative attack and quantitative attack is used to continue with the research.Qualitative research, as utilized in this survey, is utile for the initiation of constructs and dealingss that have been found in the sense of an analysis of the spheres for which they may be applicable ( Flick, 2002 )The quantitative attack used in the research is the experimental survey. In this the e-learning is implemented in an Indian school and the feedbacks of public presentation are collected. In this instance the execution of E-learning in the school is the experimental survey. The ethnographical method of qualitative attack is used in this proposed research.3.2 The Sam pleEntree to pupils in this age group was discussed from one school, ensuing in a sample of 58 pupils. Three categories were employed to accomplish the planned figure for the sample Year 7 ( age 12 ) , Year 8 ( aged 13 ) and Year 9 ( aged 14 ) .3.3Methodology construction for the researchAnalysis of the collected informationsLiterature analysisResult from the Data Analysis and ValidationDiaryData CollectionQuestionnaireThe program and the construction for the research will continue as per the diagram depicted below.3.4 Diaries3.4.1 DefinitionA journal is a manner of roll uping information about the manner persons ( or ) groups spends their clip on professional activities. Diaries can enter either quantitative or qualitative informations, and in the research they can supply information about work forms and day-to-day activities3.4.2 Keeping DiariesDiary is used to enter the inside informations of day-to-day activities go oning in the category room. For this research 3 journals are maintained for three categories. In this research, after implementing the vitamin E acquisition in the Indian school, the journal is maintained to enter the public presentation of the students in school every twenty-four hours.3.4.3 Sample of information collected through dairyStudent involvement in the categoryPupil Understandability of the major constructsMarks obtained in the trialThe pupil tendingCreativity of the school student ( any betterments )3.4 Questionnaire3.4.1 DefinitionQuestionnaires are a popular agencies of roll uping informations, but are hard to plan and frequently require many revisions before an acceptable questionnaire is produced3.4.2 QuestionnaireThe questionnaire given to pupils foremost will inquire the basic categorization inquiries, which concerned their gender, age and twelvemonth group.The inquiries that followed were decently designed to acquire the feedback of the pupils. Questions in each subdivision used a evaluation graduated table, inquiring fo r boxes to be ticked to rate statements on feedback ( strongly differ, differ, impersonal, Agree, strongly agree )3.4.3 Sample QuestionnaireAbout yourselfHow old are you? What twelvemonth group are you in? Are you a male child or miss? Strongly disagree Disagree so-so(p) Agree Strongly Agree1. E-learning is better than oldinstruction system2. I can understand the constructs really good, while comparing with the old system.3. Interest on the topic is increased, while comparing the old one.4.1 Data CollectionQuestionnairesThe questionnaires were distributed, completed and retrieved in the same posing by the schoolroom instructor, therefore avoiding any loss or possibility of non-returns. In all, three categories were successfully involved in the survey. On norm, participants took about 20 proceedingss to finish the questionnaire.DiaryThe journal is given to the category instructor, and he/she is asked to observe the day-to-day public presentation of the school st udent. This observation is made for around three Calendar months. Finally all the information is analysed and examined.In this information aggregation qualitative attack is take to roll up the primary informations. Diary and questionnaires will be the method to roll up the primary informations. The quantitative attack is adopted to roll up the secondary informations. Literature reappraisal will be used to acquire the information to back up the information collected through diary and questionnaires. brisk publications will organize the base for the research because it will supply the well defined theories and constructs to understand the research.Data will be collected from the bing literature and the experimental survey. The information collected will be under the scrutiny. The information gathered will be stored. The procedure will reiterate until a definite and satisfactory result of the research is obtained.4.2 Data AnalysisThe informations obtained from diary and questionnair es can be called as the representational and it is considered as the first information. The information obtained through the literatures can be called as the presentational and it is considered as the secondary informations. The representational and presentational informations complement each other ( Freeman, 2000, pg.295 ) . The combination of the two will give the deep cognition in the information analysis. The information obtained through the qualitative method will be tremendous ( Creswell, 1997 ) .5.1 Reliability and ValidityQuestionnaire will be dependable and valid merely through the value of the informations obtained and satisfaction of participants. dairy farm will be considered dependable and valid if the feedback got from diary gives the requested information. Presentational attack validates the information and the Representational attack helps the research worker to swear the information collected through the presentational attack ( Freeman, 2000 ) . Harmonizi ng to Guba ( 1985, cited by Creswell, 1997 ) , the success of the research is reliable on the information collected and it should be believable, movable, reliable and verifiable.6.1 PlanUndertaking Plan is the clip model for the research methodological analysis. The research worker would be successful in the proceeding of the research if the clip frame is followed decently. The undertaking program for this research has four subdivisions. They are planing dairy & A Questionnaires, Data aggregation, Data Validation, Research result and decisionDesigning Dairy & A Questionnaires June 2010Data aggregation July 2010- Sep 2010Data proof October 2010Research result November 2010

Literary Analysis Paper Essay

Retrieved Reformation is a short story about a man heeld respect Valentine. In the beginning of the story, he is being released from prison for his crimes of robbing banks and cracking into safes. After being released, he realizes that he wants to live a biography of no crime. He becomes a dynamic character because he begins to dramatically change after meeting the love of his life, Annabel Adams. He wanted to begin a new life.In A Retrieved Reformation, a selfish and unethical criminal named horn in Valentine is known from breaking into safes and robbing banks. In the first couple of pages of the story, we come to find that nose was doing prison meter because of the crimes that he would commit. On page 2 it states, He had served ex months of a four- year sentence. (pg 2)The reason that he only had to spend ten months was because the admirers that he had were friends of the government so they told the judge to shorten the amount of prison time that Jimmy had to do. In this pa rt of the story he is being released by a guard and he gives him some advice to stay out of trouble. Youll go out in the morning. Brace up, and make a man of yourself. Youre not a bad fellow at heart. Stop cracking safes, and live straight. (pg 3) This advice would soon help Jimmy realize that he has to get his new life together and learn how to keep himself out of things that would get him in trouble with the law.See more how to write an analysis paperAs soon as Jimmy Valentine was released from prison, the reader is shown many examples on how Jimmy Valentine is a dynamic character and how much he has changed throughout his life. The first example is as soon as Jimmy Valentine got released from jail, he started robbing banks again. One day, he was walking around Elmore, the new town that he lived in, and stopped in amazement of a adult female whom he had never met before. Her name was Annabel Adams. Her father had owned the bank.He went to a nearby hotel and registered his name a s Ralph D. Spencer and got a room. Jimmy came to Elmore in search of a location to go into business. He was talking to the clerk at the desk about shoe-store openings in the town. He opened a shoe store to keep his discernment busy instead of robbing banks. On page 7 the author states, He opened a shoe-store and secured a good run of trade. Also, Jimmy Valentine legally got his name changed to Mr. Ralph Spencer because he wanted to start a brand new life and wanted to leave his bad memories and crimes behind him.Finally, in this time in this time in the story, Jimmy Valentine has completed changed his life around by becoming engaged and opening a business. Now all he has to do is allot his tools away to his friend because he doesnt need them anymore. On page 8, the author states I wouldnt touch a dollar of another mans money now for a million. This shows that he is serious about not going back to his old way of life and wants to stay out of troubles way. He wants his friend to mee t him at a place named Sullys so that he can give him the kit of tools. Also, on page it, it says I wouldnt do another crooked thing for the whole world.Jimmy Valentine is trying very hard to keep his new life successful and crime-free. One day, Annabel and Jimmy go to the bank that Annabels father, Mr. Adams owned. Suddenly, they heard a scream of a woman. They ran to where they heard it from. A nine-year old girl named May had shut Agatha in the bank vault. Mr. Adams time-tested to open the door. He said that it could not be opened because May had turned the knob on the door.Jimmy told everybody to be quiet. He yelled into the vault to try to see if Agatha could respond to him. Her mother thought that she would die in the vault of fright. Jimmy had done something that had surprised everyone. He opened his suitcase integral of the tools that he was going to give away to his friend. He used those tools to crack into the vault like he had in his old life. He used a drill to open i nto the vault. Agatha was safe and collapsed into her mothers arms.

Case Study: Merck & Company: the Vioxx Recall

Running head CASE STUDY MERCK & COMPANY THE VIOXX RECALL Merck & Company The rofecoxib Recall Albert Balogun California Baptist University BUS 520A Managerial Ethics Jim Bishop, PhD June 30, 2010 Merck & Company The Vioxx Recall The issues involved in Merck, a pharmaceutical manufacturing callers reckon of whizz its crossways, Vioxx, is the effect of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertizing of prescription medicine drug on the society public health, the impact of it on the doctor patient birth and opposite good considerations.The purpose of this paper is to need an exposition of issues that the recall case entai direct including the ethical issues that were involved, and the propriety of DTC advertising method. The legal implications of the recall and the effect of an enactment of a uprightness by the Congress to prevent the use of DTC method of advertising will also be examined. The Beginning of Merck Troubles A number of reasons could be adduced for Mercks troubles from a ve ry reputable pharmaceutical company to one that had its major brand withdrawn from the market with considerable adverse financial implications.Apart from the role of direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical advertising and its impact on the companys decision-making process during the period preceding and leading to the recall of Vioxx which will be the central focus of this paper, other reasons exist as considerably. These include the competitiveness of very senior elevated school magnitude that existed in the pharmaceutical industry in the 1990s and the dilemma that Merck faced as a result of a number of its patents that were due to expire.These patents were mostly on the companys most profitable drug lines (Green, 2007). With declining fortune, Merck found DTC irresistible and relied on it heavily to shore up its market share and to remain competitive. This was the case particularly in the aggressive marketing of Vioxx which evidently was spy to be dangerous to the consumers but which the company ignored as will be expatiated later in this paper.Direct-to Consumer Advertising Direct-to-consumer advertising of pharmaceutical drugs which involves direct promotion of prescription drugs to patients and physicians has continued to generate a lot of controversies with regard to its impact on the public health and on the relationships that exist between doctors and their patients. The relaxation of the rule regime the direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising in 1997 by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) paved the way for intensification of such mode of advertising by the pharmaceutical companies.The relaxed rule led to widespread use of television to advertise prescription drugs with commensurate big spending by the drug companies (Beauchamp et al, 2008). The Vioxx Recall Story Vioxx was discovered in 1994 by Merck to be among the new class of anodynes kn admit as COX-2 inhibitors. COX-2 inhibitors are the newest form of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug s (NSAIDs) and Vioxx, as one of them, was developed to overcome the stomach irritation and gastric bleeding associated with elder NSAIDs with COX-1 and Cox-2 inhibitors, which include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen to treat people who are in need of long-term pain relief.The COX-2 medication was effective for treatment of arthritis and other pains without users being exposed to stomach damage by naproxen. merely the market for it was insignificant. Merck, looking for ways to entrench its market leadership threatened by impending loss of patent, relied heavily on Vioxx to capture the painkiller drug market with which it hoped to shore up its profile and revenue. However, since Vioxx is only COX-2 inhibitors, Merck was concerned nearly its market strategy if patients have no turn a profit of cardiovascular derivable from COX-1 (Phua & Achike, 2007).The belief through trials in Merck was that while Vioxx provides guarantee against stomach damage, there is no increased peril to t he purport. In 1998 when Merck completed the development of Vioxx and submitted application for approval to FDA and before it finally launched Vioxx in 1999, there was considerable positive change in the companys fortune. It became the number one pharmaceutical company in the world and earned $5. 24 billion in net revenue.During this period, it was discovered by near look forers that COX-2 inhibitors such as Vioxx would interfere with enzymes that very likely to prevent cardiovascular disease. The researchers lease was contradictory by Merck claiming that the study lacked conclusive differentiate (Beauchamp et al, 2008). In 1999 prior to the launch of Vioxx into the market, Merck commissioned Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research (VIGOR) trial with the aim of proving that its drug is less risky than the older NSAIDS.Excluding patients with high risk of heart problem, the study gave some patients high doses of Vioxx and precluded them from taking aspirin. Next to this was th e approval of Vioxx for marketing to the public by FDA. As opposed to the normal two-year review period for other companies, it took only six months for FDA to review Vioxx for Merck do possible by a special relationship and money inducement. Merck used DTC to successfully market Vioxx to the public (Beauchamp et al, 2008). In 2000, Merck wanted to prove whether Vioxx can reduce colon polyps.It decided to support a study code named APPROVe which is Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx. To give effect and credibility to the study, it was controlled and it compared Vioxx with a placebo rather than another drug. It was at this time that the result of VIGOR trial was published internally. The outcome was that even though Vioxx patients showed less stomach damage, there is more blood overload problems than drugs in the naproxen group with five times higher risk of heart attack.Even when Mercks head of research admitted in internal email substantiate the fear about cardiovascular and opting for more data before results were made public, it would appear as Merck deliberately suppressed the results of its own study maintaining that all was well by relying only on the favorable aspects of the study. It would appear that the company caused some academics that it was funding to issue a paper based on the VIGOR study and published The New England Journal of Medicine to highlight Vioxx benefits to the digestive system and the cardiac problems but to maintain that patients are not at risk of heart problems.The VIGOR results continue to hunt Merck as FDA would later require a label of archetype of possible link to cardiovascular problems. Surprisingly, Merck would ignore the testimonial only to be forced to include a warning label that highlight the fewer stomach problems but to expressly include a warning about possibly more heart attacks and strokes (Beauchamp et al, 2008). Merck became more aggressive spending over $100 million on DTC advertising of Vioxx. By Augus t, 2004 when an FDA researcher presented a comprehensive analysis of data collected over 1. million users of Vioxx which showed that they were more likely to suffer heart attack than other COX-2 inhibitors and older NSAIDS, Merck still maintained its stand that Vioxx was safe from cardiovascular problem. It would only suck up the APPROVe study which was stopped at the behest of the researchers for Merck to finally agree that, gibe to APPROVe finding, Vioxx exposes users to demonstrably higher incidence of heart attack after 18 months of regular use (Phua & Achike, 2007).Merck finally halted the sales of Vioxx on September 30, 2004 after it had expended over $500 million on DTC advertising of Vioxx raking in over $2. 5 billion in sales revenues in a year. The Ethical Considerations Clearly, the objective to regain and maintain leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry was paramount to Merck than getting a safe product to the market. The huge market share and profits that g o with such position propelled Merck to overlook essential findings that would have revealed the heart attack risks associated with Vioxx at research and development stages.At introduction stage, both Merck and FDA acted unethically by speeding up the review process. In a situation whereby FDA as the regulator is on the wages of the pharmaceutical industry, it can be expected that the rules and the procedures would be compromised. A pharmaceutical company should have no control over the information that is disclosed about its products because patients rely on the expertise of the physicians to make the best choice for them. When physicians are hired as consultants by companies whose products they prescribe, then conflicts of interest exist.That is why physicians and researchers should be made to disclose their pecuniary interest in any pharmaceutical company and in its drugs. The protagonists of DTC advertising have often argued that the mode has raised the awareness for and get a t to important new medications as well as the ability of patients to actively engage their physicians in informed discussions about their prescription drugs. The antagonists of DTC advertising however, are of the whim that the advertising cannot provide enough or detailed information that will enable the consumers to make appropriate drug choices (Sullivan, 2002).Marketing and advertising do not know apart between segments of the society. For this reason, it is hard to see how the elderly, children, and the less endowed who are vulnerable and susceptible to deceptive and marketing strategies can become more informed in making drug choices (Greene, 2010). The antagonists argue further that the huge amount of money that pharmaceutical companies expend on DTC advertising could make prescription drugs more valuable to the consumers.DTC advertising could also adversely affect the relationship between the doctor and the patient (Beauchamp et al, 2008). It appears that the arguments aga inst direct-to-consumer far outweigh arguments for. Wholeheartedly, any legislation by the U. S. Congress to toss direct-to-consumer (DTC) is supported by this author. DTC advertisings offer a lot of information such that would require assistance from professionals to be properly evaluated by the consumer in order to make good choices.DTC creates knowledge gap between the consumer and the marketer when the consumer cannot properly evaluate the information being received. The possibility that the knowledge gap would exist is very high especially among the less privileged members of the society. This gap is therefore open to manipulation to the advantage of the marketer. Public health is too important to be left the whims of the pharmaceutical industry to manipulate as they have been doing over the years with their unrestrained budgets on DTC.It is pertinent to say only United States has embraced DTC advertising of prescription dugs has neer been permitted legally in Europe and it i s banned outright in Canada (Green, 2007). Conclusion The case of Merck and its Vioxx recall has proved that pharmaceutical manufacturing companies need to strongly take into consideration the overall interest of public good. It is hard to imagine that decision makers at all levels in Merck would ignore the disturbing information provided by their own VIGOR study.The quest for make bigger profits and control the painkiller drug market seem to becloud their sense of judgments. Many lives were exposed to the risks of heart attack and strokes when the warning signs were staring them in the face. The company itself lost $33 million in market capitalization. This case obviously calls for more and stricter regulations by beef up the operations of FDA. Reference Beauchamp et al, (2008). Ethical Theory and Business. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall Green, R. (2007). Direct-To-Consumer Advertising and Pharmaceutical Ethics.Retrieved June 9, 2010 from http//faculty. chass. ncsu. edu/comstock Greene, J. (2010). Hidden in Plain Sight. American Journal of Public Health (2010) Vol. 100, No. 5. Retrieved June 27, 2010 from EBSCOhost Database Phua, K. & Achike, F. (2007). Vioxx and Other Pharmaceutical Product Withdrawals. Clinical Ethics. Retrieved June 27, 2010 from EBSCOhost Database Sullivan, P. (2002). No direct-to-consumer drug ads CMA. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 11/12/2002, Vol. 167 Issue 10, p1153-1153, 1/3p. Retrieved June 28, 2010 from EBSCOhost Database pic

Politics and the English Language Analysis

Above all, we cannot play ducks and drakes with a native battery of idioms which prescribes egregious collocations of vocables as the Basic put up with for tolerate, or put at a loss for bewilder . This passage is written by Professor Lancelot Hogben(located on pg. ___ , the second example) This is presentationn as a prime example of complete-grown writing habits which are identified in George Orwells essay. This passage shows examples of dead metaphors, the problems with putting underlying words that confuse the reader, and the sheer unwillingness to look up proper meanings of certain words such as egregious.As you can see our instauration is about the essay Politics and the position Language. This essay classifies the bad writing habits in modern English as opposed to the traditional style. We would firstborn like to start off with a quiz to check the classs general knowledge of the classesIf you could not identify any examples of slang and bad writing habits it would be smart to listen to what were going to talk about. George Orwell writes about the traditional style of English, and the connection between speech communication and action.Orwell discusses the problems of Modern English and the die away spread of vagueness in writing. In this essay the thesis was explicit it stated that the English language is in a decline and that modern English of full of bad writing habits which are spread by imitation. In this paper Orwell identifies different errors that writers generally make as his subtopics such as dying metaphors, operator or verbal anomalous limbs, pretentious diction and meaningless words. The first sub-topic talks about dead metaphors.The manner of development for this sub-topic is cause and effect. Dead metaphors show that writers are becoming lazy with metaphors they use old pre-made metaphors so they dont have to invent new ones. This causes writers to use metaphors in the wrong mise en scene and never have a chance to express the ir own imagery. Also these metaphors are not precise enough and produce vagueness in the written excogitate which shows the writer might not be interested in what he is writing. Now the second sub topic is about operators or verbal false limbs.The method of development for this divide is cause. Operators and verbal false limbs show that writers are using words for filler in order to make the sentence symmetricalness with no thought about meaning and they. This means that the passive is forever and a day being used ins tea leafd of the active which is wrong. The third subtopic is about pretentious diction. The method of development for this paragraph is cause and effect. Pretentious diction occurs when writers are using words that have no strong purpose.They are interchangeable and have no strong tone. A good example of pretentious diction is Marxist writing. Marxist writing is when words are improperly derived from German, Russian, or French. The fourth and utmost subtopic in t his paper is meaningless words. The method of development for this paper is effect. Meaningless words are when writers using larger words with more syllables in their text, provided are more unclear than their more simple words they are replacing. So now were going to go on about the tone in this essay.The tones expressed in this essay were feelings of assertiveness and bitterness. Orwell was self assured that what he was writing was true in our society and was bitter about the downfall of the English language. In this essay we found three examples of negative connotative diction. The first example of negative connotative diction was found when Orwell stated in paragraph four which states that Each of these passages has faults of its own, but, quite apart from avoidable ugliness, two qualities are common to all of them.The first is frigidness of imagery the other is lack of precision. In this passage he chooses to use the word Staleness to show the negativity. The second Example of negative connotative diction comes from paragraph five where its written that only in between these two classes there is a huge dump of worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power and are tho used because they save people the trouble of inventing phrases for themselves. In this grammatical case Orwell decides to use the word dump instead of amount or another word of arbitrary diction. The third example of negative connotative diction is also found again in paragraph 5 when Orwell states In real life it is always the anvil that breaks the hammer, never the other way about a writer who stopped to think what he was saying would avoid perverting the original phrase. In this case Orwell decides to use perverting to show his disgust for what the writer is doing when he is demonstrating an example of a dead metaphor.In this essay we found two good examples of figurative images. The first figurative image can be found on pg. 348, where it says It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric flow or hansom cabs to airplanes. This image is a simile working with the subject of the struggle against abuse of language. This is a figurative image because it makes an abstract comparison of language to preferring candles to electric light.The second figurative image we found was on pg 355, where it says In (4), the writer knows more or less what he wants to say, but an accumulation of stale phrases chokes him like tea leaves blocking a sink. This is also a simile working with the subject of stale phrases. This is a figurative image because it makes this image with tea leaves blocking a sink, and in real life there is no correlation between tea leaves and choking. .

Acc/ 544 Internal Accountant Brief

Internal Accountant Brief Candace Schneider ACC/544 April 15, 2013 Christine Errico Internal Accountant Brief When a business is experiencing an out-of-control accounting system the business might consider hiring an internal controller to help alleviate the problem. Before a ac corporation decides to hire this character reference of accountant the company should look at the array of function this kind of accountant kitty provide to the company. Services of Internal Accountants An internal accountant poop provide array of services to a business. One service an internal accountant bunghole provide to a company is do an internal scrutinize on the business.Some of the take stocks an internal accountant peck perform are compliance sack upvasss, operational audits, or financial statement audits. Compliance Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for a compliance audit the accountant determines if the companys internal controls and accounting is in compliance with compa ny policies as s sound up as laws and regulation. If the accountant encounters that internal controls or the accounting information is not in compliance the accountant must determine the cause of the non-compliance as nearly as recommend ways the company undersurface prevent future deviations (Cytraus, 2013, para. ). Operational Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for an operational audit the accountant measures the authority and results of certain business procedures within the business (Farlex, 2013, para. 1). This type of audit is unlike the compliance audit because this type of audit challenges assumptions and goals of procedures by abject toward improving efficiency within the business (Farlex, 2013, para. 1). Financial Statement Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for a financial statement audit the ccountant determines if the preparation and reporting of financial statements by the company follows General Accepted Accounting Principles. Other Ser vices Other services an internal accountant can provide to a business are examining a companys operations, investigating fraud, examining financial reporting, safeguarding assets, checking for mismanagement of funds, and examining compliance of the laws and regulations set for the company. The employment of internal auditors helps to break a companys internal controls.Effective working internal controls detect and prevent fraud, which internal auditors test to see if the controls are functioning appropriately. If the company tranquil decides to hire an internal accountant, the company will benefit from this decision in many ways. Benefits of Hiring an Internal Accountant Many benefits exist for a company when the company hires an internal accountant. Some of these benefits include saving m onenessy over time, protecting assets, improving performance, and ensuring accuracy of financial statements. Saving Money An internal accountant can help a business save money over time.This is because the service an internal accountant provides saves the business from potential legal or financial issues. This leads a business to save more money over time than it costs to employ the accountant (Good Accountants, 2012, para. 2). Protection of Assets Every year businesses lose billions of dollars because of employee theft. An internal accountant can help alleviate this problem by installing a system of internal controls into the business. The accountant can also monitor the system to take in no opportunities exist in the system that might tempt an employee to steal from the company (Good Accountants, 2012, para. ). Along with installing and monitoring the system an internal accountant can perform random checks on the system to ensure that the internal controls are functioning appropriately. Improving Performance An internal accountant can improve a companys performance by increasing the companys value when the accountant critically analyzes the companys efficiency. An accou ntant does this by performing an operational audit of the company. This type of audit can help determine whether the company markets its products and services efficaciously at competitive rates as well as if the company is meeting its short and long-term financial goals.Ensuring Accuracy of Financial Statements Auditing financial statements by a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) can offer value to a company. These audits puts a companys investors at ease in fucking the companys books are accurate as well as the information in the financial statements are accurate. These audits can lead lenders to view ones company as more reputable, which can lead to lower interest rates for the company when borrowing (Good Accountants, 2012, para. 5). After a company determines the fatality for an internal accountant the company must find the right internal accountant for the job.Recommendation One recommends hiring an individual who is a CPA with several years of experience in this field of acc ounting. This is because the individual will need to have the experience to correct the companys out-of-control system as well as provide additional services the company may need. These services will help the company make informed decisions for the company to exceed and be profitable. One individual in mind to solve the problem of ones out-of-control system is John Tongren. This is because Tongren has experience in this field of accounting and auditing.Tongren specializes in management control process and the impact of technology on their effectiveness (Tongren, n. d. , para. 1). He also has international recognition for his expertise in the audit and control aspects of information systems (Tongren, n. d. , para. 1). By one hiring this individual one will know that this individual will solve the problem right as well as inform the company on how to keep the business functioning effectively and efficiently for the company to exceed and be profitable. References Cytraus, A. (2013). Co mpliance Auditing.Retrieved from http//www. referencefor business. com/encyclopedia/Clo-Con/Compliance-Auditing. html Farlex. (2013). Operational Audit. Retrieved from http//financial-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/operational+audit Good Accountants. (2012). Benefits of Hiring an Accountant for Internal Audits. Retrieved from http//www. goodaccountants. com/blog/2012/11/benefits-of-hiring-an accountant-for-internal-audits/ Tongren, J. D. (n. d. ). Operational Auditing Adding Value to Organizations Digital Seminar. Mission Viejo, CA Pleier Corporation.

Culturally Poetic

Culturally Poetic Cultural identity operator is the collective personalisedity of a people usually associated with a certain group or culture, or that of an idiosyncratic in relation to certain behavior, thoughts, and influences. (commutation Michigan University) These beliefs and sh ared characteristics allow a group to establish a common ground and in turn make them unique to others. A cultural identity may be national, ethnic, or even generational. Our identity is based upon our differences when compared to other groups.Cultural identity is essentially defined by differences rather than likenesses to others. The identifiable aspects of culture are historical, linguistic, and mental. These three factors may also be found in poetry and are related to the views that an author wishes to express. In my essay, I will seek to identify elements of culture in the following meters Bully, What its Like to Be a Black Girl, Self-Pitys water closet, Rite of passageway, and The puma, In Ma rtin Espadas poem, Bully cultural identity is evident throughout the length of the poem.The poem is introduced by way of location, the time period, and the year, In the school auditorium / the Theodore Roosevelt statue / is nostalgic for the Spanish American War (713). The poet themes patently focus on change in spite of appearance American society. This theme is noniceably identifiable in the following stanza But now the Roosevelt school is pronounced Hernandez. Puerto Rico has invaded Roosevelt with its army of Spanish-singing children in the hallways, brown children devour the stockpiles of the cafeteria, children painting Taino ancestors that leap naked across murals. 714) Espada effectively provides contrast between Roosevelts belief of ethnocentrism and the invasion of the Spanish colonies by comparing the immigration of Puerto Rican families in a 1987 Boston, Massach substance abusetts. At the poems ending we are able to envision a revenge of sorts with the children now invading Roosevelt himself. The following stanza is irony at its best and brings the element of culture and change to the fore confront, Roosevelt is surrounded by all the faces he ever shoved in eugenic spite and cursed as mongrels, uncase of one race, hair and cheekbones of another. (714)This bit of irony is representative of the fact that change once experienced on the island of Puerto Rico now too is prevalent within America. Roosevelt is declared the bully by his conquest and those that were once without power are now empowered through change and assimilation. This poem uses historical factors to establish a cultural identity. Patricia Smiths, What its Like to Be a Black Girl (for Those of You Who Arent) approaches the idea of a black girl becoming a woman at a time when race matters were still prevalent. The author begins with a direct but conversation like tone to denote the importance of what is macrocosmness impartedFirst of all, its organism 9 years old and/ feeling li ke youre not finished, like your edges are wild, like theres something, everything, wrong(672) The theme here is puberty based changes that takes place according to a black girl. The girl feels incomplete because her body is experiencing changes. Smith goes on to make the girls desire to fit into society by wanting to have the physical traits of a white woman. The young girl is displeased with being black and seeks to change her appearance its dropping food coloring In your eyes to make them blue and suffering Their burn in silence.Its popping a bl individuallyed White mophead over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of the mirrors that deny your reflection(672) She goes on to describe the Black causality Movement and the Motown era by mentioning its flame and fists and life according to Motown. As a blossoming young girl approaching womanhood she finds it not only difficult to become a woman, but a black woman. Finally, the girl looks forward to every womans dream of b ecoming a bride. This is evidenced in the final three lines its finally having a man reach out for you/then caving in/around his fingers. The girl anticipates a completed transition when she will become married. This poem uses mental aspects to form cultural identity during a time or racial tension. Michelle Boisseaus, Self-Pitys Closet focuses on the way that society views beauty, self-image, and self-confidence. Boisseau uses figurative speech, imagery, and perceived sounds throughout the poem to bring light to a poor self image. The theme of this poem is equald to as the poem states self-pity. What seemingly appears as others judging us blinds us to the fact that we judge ourselves far worse than others would.The closet so to speak is within the individual feelings of Depression, loneliness, anger, shame, envy (999) are the basis of self-pity. Feelings of self-loathing and self-hurt are evident in the following lines after your vast and painful declarations subtle humiliations c reeping up like the tang of wet upholstery, dial tone in the brain, the conviction that your friends never really loved you(1000) The author seeks to express an inner fight a person struggles with when stressed about the way others perceive them. The narrator uses the words, dial tone in the brain to describe a continuous mode of embarrassment within herself.She is unavailing to part with a feeling of inadequacy and is therefore confine by her very own self pity. This poem uses mental aspects by associating self-pity with not being able to identify with the status quo of our cultural identity. In Sharon Oldss, Rite of Passage a stimulate examines the behavior of her son and his friend during his birthday party. The title of the poem allows the reader to relate the rite of passage being the journey that her son will take toward manhood. Male maturity is the theme of the poem. What makes the poem ironic is her aptitude to view them as men though they are but six and seven years o ld.The following lines are quite imaginable to any mother noticing the machismo nature of young boys As the guests arrive at my sons party they gather in the living room short men, men in first grade with smooth jaws and chins. Hands in pockets, they stand around jostling, jockeying for place, small fights breaking out and calming. One says to another How old are you? Six. Im seven. So? (811) In the last line we experience a typical conversation between two boys that are likely sizing each other up the six year old responds to the seven year old So? The mother then goes onto visualizing the boys as men with careers by stating, They go through their/throats a lot, a room of small bankers/they fold their arms and frown One cannot help but to envision the boys as men at a table matching wits at an older age. The birthday boy as if chairman of the bank settles the dispute between his friends in the following lines speaks up as a host/for the sake of the group. /We could easily kill a t wo-year old,/he says in his clear voice. The group agrees and the children return to playing or as the mother describes, they relax and get down to playing war, celebrating my sons life. Just as Smiths What its Like to Be a Black Girl focused on a girl approaching maturity so did Olds Rite of Passage. Olds uses mature language and terms to equate the behavior expressed by the boys as being their way of coming into manhood. The boys feel a need to intimidate each other with physical threats which showcases their immatureness on their way to adulthood. This poem identifies with the culturally defined behavior of a male having to prove he is a man. In Rainier Rilkes poem The Panther the poet uses the mountain lion a wild animal to express personification and similes to express confinement.An obvious reason for the panther being the subject is because its color represents a seemingly dark nature and contributes to the poems tone. A panther is also known to be a solitary creature th at stakes out its prey. The use of the panther represents a theme of entrapment that most readers are able to identify with. The panthers discontentment and longing to be free from his troubles is expressed as the batting cages bars. He has become so accustomed to seeing the bars that he no longer sees anything but what appears directly in front of him it is as if he has lost himself. The panthers desperation in a sense mirrors human personality.Rilkes offers her interpretation of this poetically by saying, His vision, from the invariably passing bars, has grown so weary that it cannot hold anything else. It seems to him there are a thousand bars and behind the bars, no world. (674) Rilkes makes us awake(predicate) that although the panther is confined we are still able to see its power and its beauty. Though caged he is still himself though he feels paralyzed by the cage this feeling is interpreted in the following lines, As he paces in cramped circles, over and over/the movemen t of his powerful soft strides/is like a ritual dance around a center/in which a mighty will stands paralyzed. The idea of confinement is relatable to a prisoner or anyone trapped in a situation with seemingly no way out. The panther yearns for more and this is evidenced by his pacing and boredom with his life. In the end the panther has lost his soul and his excitement is reduced to the opening of his eyes ever so slightly. It seems that the panther takes his final glance that touches him inwardly to the point his body becomes strive and his heart is excited for a split second until he realizes his situation and no longer bothers to react. This idea is well expressed in the final stanza. but at times, the curtain of the pupils lifts, quietly. An image enters in, rushes down through the tensed, arrested muscles, plunges into the heart and is gone. Rilke in The Panther and Boisseau in her Self-Pitys Closet both convey the meat of an inner struggle within their subjects. The poems a re able to speak to the reader on a personal level and make the connection of human sensation with their dark but personal nature. The Panther embodied a feeling of weariness and surrender that human often time encounter in not one but within all societies and cultures.Often times we find ourselves staying within the box or the status quo instead of stepping outside of the box-in this case the cage. In comparison, the five poems that I have chosen to review are full of impact and take on a deeper meaning. They touch on outward appearances as well as inner feelings. They were all able to bring out identifiable aspects that we are all able to connect with through either personal or secondary experiences. In contrast, Bully came from a historical standpoint, while What its Like to Be a Black Girl and Rite of Passage focused on what is accepted by society.Lastly, Self-Pitys Closet and The Panther dealt with inner struggles and the way that we tend to view ourselves when we take an inner look. Works Cited Central Michigan University. Cultural Identity as an Instrument. 8 May 2006. 3 November 2009 . Boisseau, Michelle. Self Pitys Closet. Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford trigger to Literature. Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 999-1000. Espada, Martin. Bully. Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 713-714. Olds, Sharon. Rite of Passage. Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 811-812. Rilke, Rainier Maria. The Panther. Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 674. Smith, Patricia. What Its Like to Be a Black Girl. Mayer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 672-73

Investigation on the Impacts of Personality on Consumer Decision-making Process Essay

Dr. Lars Perner, Assistant prof of Clinical Marketing from the University of Southern California, provides that consumer fashion is formally defined as the study of activities of either an whatever(prenominal)one or group of individuals who argon in the process of purchasing productions or go, as well as the effect of this course of action non only on individual consumers but on the commonplace public (Perner, 2008, foliate 2). In early(a) passwords, consumer behavior is merchandisings psychological approach in understanding purchasing transactions.It may be easy to make an impression on how consumers think by just looking at them physically, but mere observation is not enough. Often, many successful businesses take a shit to undergo intensive studies and series of financial failures before finally learning how to shell out their products or services and gain profits. According to Dr. Perner, consumer behavior bed result to four benefits in these four areas, namely mark eting strategy, public policy, social marketing, and in creating better consumers (Perner, 2008, page 3).Marketing strategy is an approach toward successful sell by being at the right place at the right time. mavin example is by intensifying beverage advertisements during summer when the weather is usually hot and one would tend to crave for something to nerveless himself off. This is too evident when it comes to fashion w present malls perform a variety of impressive window dressing all season in order to lure passing potential customers. Public policy is the actor which encourages consumer sentry go by cautioning them to think things over before purchasing a product. star common example is the pull Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health. which is seen in every cigarette advertisement. Social marketing on the other hand, is to a greater extent concerned with getting important messages across rather than selling (Perner, 2008, page 3). Example is arbitrary populati on growth by promoting condoms and contraceptives as response especially to premarital sex which remains as one of societys issues even up to present. Last but not the least, consumer behavior croup lead us to becoming better consumers. One simple demonstration is when buying beauty or skin products.Often, one would think that any product would be good for him or her just because it has compose popular through television promotions. A wise customer must take into consideration several(prenominal) factors like allergies to certain(a) ingredients. Taking this into mind, customers will not need to undergo unnecessary spending by purchasing expensive products that do not suit ones body chemistry and preferably by cheaper but milder products for skin maintenance. Taking these four factors into mind will lead to an important purpose which is good investment on the part of both buyers and sellers.The Black Box Model This model of consumer behavior is a tool which, if compared to a mov ie, has two main characters the customer and his or her incentive. And like any other movie, it has an ending which is whether to buy or not. Putting the oversimplification aside, however, this model analyzes certain arranges. First, is identifying what is likely to motivate a consumer in terms of the marketing environment by performing a research within the consumer environment. One important quality that a business must always possess is innovation.An example of this is the creation of snowfall Zero by the Coca-Cola Company. This is in response to a greater number of health-conscious customers nowadays, who have become more aware of the disadvantages of taking in big amounts of sugar which is incidentally an ingredient of their traditional product. The new product guarantees a no sugar, less calorie beverage, however, still retaining the same taste of the old Coke. Price is also a consideration in understanding a customers needs. There are spate who do not mind sacrificing the quality of a product as long as they can get it for bargained prices.On the other hand, there are some who find confidence in and would not mind paying for expensive branded products, especially when that product has a distinctive appeal that would crash a person apart from the common crowd, or if that particular brand has proven great guaranteed operation like for example, a whitening soap. Aside from the marketing environment, cultural difference is another crucial factor in analyzing the consumer behavior. Ignorance of other countries acculturations may often result to awkward and humiliating results if one is not redolent if it.One example is the difference in clothing appearance between Western and Moslem Women, wherein the last mentioned has been accustomed to wearing the conservative, long, black fabrics that covers head to foot and exposing only the eyes, as compared to the more liberated wretched and neck-plunging outfits being tolerated by the former group. Another example is how Muslims regard dogs as dirty animals, but others, if not most countries, consider them as mans best friend, thus the famous expression (Perner, 2008, page 31).Marketers must always take extra caution with culture issues and therefore, must take into consideration some of its important characteristics like being comprehensive. One example is how Japanese businessmen often do the public bow during business dealings. This is not common especially in Western cultures, but somehow American businessmen have learned to perform this as well with Japanese clients in order to base goodwill and respect. This shows another feature of culture which is learned. Another fact about culture is that it exists within boundaries of grateful behavior (Perner, 2008, page 30).For example, going to mass requires wearing conservative outfit instead of the informal sleeveless or shorts that would often be distractive and not fit for the religious occasion. Also, many people are not aware of other countrys cultural standards. There was one instance during homo War II when an American spy was captured by Germans because of how he used his knife and fork musical composition eating. Lastly, cultures are also subject to change however it would depend on how open the citizens of a certain country are. Another thing that must be taken into consideration when talking about culture is stereotyping.When overlooked, this issue may come as offensive. One example is the 9/11 bombing of the land Trade Center towers which would forever remind the world of the cruelty of terrorists. Unfortunately, this resulted to the unfair discrimination of some Muslim individuals as sharing the same terrorist values, although not all Muslims are really in favor of violence. One issue that has something to do with culture is the self-reference criterion. This is the act of using the standards of ones own culture in order to evaluate the culture of another country.One example is how Americans r ecognize other cultures as rearward just because they refuse to embrace the benefits if advance technology and preserve their customary way of living. In the 1960s, there was in fact an American psychologist who expressed disgust over Indias way of venerating cows and allowing them to roam the streets freely despite the nation being in the middle of food shortage. The psychologist even quoted the word sick as the people of India refuse to take advantage of the fact that cows are beautiful food source of meat and milk.Another related concern is also ethnocentrism which is the ones arguing to regards his own culture as more superior that that of the other (Perner, 2008, page 32). In order to sell effectively, the market must always consider that human beings are social beings, meaning they often do work one another (Perner, 2008, page 49). That is why there is what we call the reference group, which is the type of crowd that a certain individual would want to compare herself to w hen it comes to looks or lifestyle (Perner, 2008, page 49).Reference groups have at least three kinds aspirational, associative and dissociative. Aspirational reference group are usually made up of celebrities or famous people whom others would idolize or copy. One famous example is David Beckham who often posed as spokesperson for popular sports apparels. Associative reference group, on the other hand, are more within attain as they are composed of people whom we see, live or work with everyday, and with whom we share the same take more or less. Some examples are coworkers, neighbors, or members of churches, clubs, and organizations (Perner, 2008, page 49).The dissociative group is the one that some people would not want to be compared with. This is another common thing with teenagers who would want to be labelled as peaceful in order to gain acceptance as they undergo the critical stage of adolescence. This group is also referred to when individuals would like to generate a ce rtain label of exclusivity for themselves. One example provided here was the merchandise store which called itself The Gap, which intends to target young people who want to be referred as modern and cool (Perner, 2008, page 49).

Leaving Home

My brother, Ricky, sister, Amrit and I had barely found come protrude of the closet a week forwards, that we were hardly ab disclose to be whisked a dash to a foreign country we hadnt set in for s flush years, and s even so years beforehand that. We would be staying on that point for a in all month, so as you can imagine, we were interpreted a spur, yet somewhat sceptic, as wed al federal agencys assayd our parents mentioning a trip to India for a few months, exclusively never actually believed they would go to the bother of booking the tickets. After all, my mother had only taken my instantaneously 5-year-old sister to serve her family on that point four years ago.My immediate concern was language. I can pack and write my mother tongue, and rede what people are telling me, and wasnt in truth(prenominal) good at speaking back. I think this pleased my parents, they thought it would be good for us, as they knew we would fill to issue attainment to talk in our mothe r tongue Punjabi. It wasnt really gruelling to prepare for the trip, well non for me anyway. All I had to do was make sure I had a holi mean solar sidereal day form, homework and suitcase packed. However, my slimy parents had to sort out the passports, visas, currency, jabs (ouch) and house security while we were away.I didnt really tell my friends until the extend minute, as I was expecting a cancellation, change in plan or even told Id been set up and it was all a joke. I was actually a little annoyed with my parents for not booking during naturalise holidays, not because Id miss cultivate, only the workload Id lease to catch up on. But once they explained that they couldnt stir up a holiday the same prison term as us, I felt quite sorry for them. When I think back to it, I was actually disappointed that we were going to India, instead of Canada in the summer, which is where I was hoping go, which was no longer possible.India as I dwell remembered it, was freezing in t he morning, and boiling in the afternoon (we went in December), beautiful smelly, the people were s gondola railcared to talk to me and my brother (my sister wasnt born then), and we didnt really want to show anything to them. The thing that disgusted me most about this country was definitely the latrines. I tried not to go to the smoke unless I had a full bladder and was desperate it was too hard to get toilet paper over there. This time, we prepared ourselves with plenty of rolls before we left.I wasnt actually impressed then, only when it was likewise the reason we had kaput(p) in the first place, that we didnt feel wish well enjoying ourselves. It was fairly depressing, as my mothers brother had died in a tractor accident on Diwali, so my mother left England a few weeks before us to go to his funeral. I must admit that I was a little exited, as umpteen of my relatives from Britain had g mavin a few weeks before us, so we would be meeting them there as well. The f swo oning had been detain three hours, so I didnt really contain a positive attitude when we arrived at the airport.The bingle thing that thrilled me when we were boarding the plane was that the passengers went on the stairs instead of the corridor, handle in the movies, so that we could actually cope with the plane as we were boarding it. I m not scared of flying, but I did grow a little nervous as I approached the plane, the paindeucerk was hand done, the panels seeed loose, and generally dirty. I didnt look interchangeable it would make it all the way to India. The airhostesses as well looked scary.The were from Kyrgystan, the airline company we were travelling with, and radius in Russian to each other and in a Russian accent to the passengers. I had to strain to understand them properly. They wore thick bright coloured make up, and were always smiling. This had the opposite effect on me than intended, they reminded me of clowns Inside, the plane was pretty cramped, and durin g the take off, my ears hurt and I felt sick. Since we were stopping in Turkey for a break, and changing planes in Russia, I had to go through with(predicate) this six times before we even landed in India.On the plane journey, my family were relaxing, listening to medical specialty, and registering magazines, but I was working away, struggling to get my homework undone before we reached India, so I could feel free without the sift of having to catch up there. Although we would be so busy I wouldnt even have time. The consentaneous journey lasted 2 days, the second plane was even worse. Russia is so cold, that there was ice forming inside the plane It was brilliant when we actually landed in Delhi. The sun unwarranted was out and the people at the airport were so welcoming.After we came out through customs, we were re-united with my sisters water gun, and mothers almond hair oil, which had been confiscated in Birmingham. I had to laugh. Then we came across a heavy(p) line of work. One of our suitcases was missing. It contained all of my Rickys clothing. We could ask the contents on insurance, but had to take him shopping for new clothes as soon as possible. I was thirsty, and wanted a drink, but there was one thing that stood in my way, no rupees. darn my parents sorted out the lost property forms, l sneaked over to one of the currency exchange bureaus and intractable to test the Indian in the office.I got out one pound and put it on the desk. He give tongue to, is that all? grinning. I replied, its all Ive got. Then he said, well only for you then I got my lxv rupees, and went straight to get a coffee. My mother and I went to the arrivals lounge, where we met my uncle. They were liquidity crisisging each other, and they all started chatting in Punjabi. The poor man had been time lag for ages, as he hadnt known about the delay, so I went to get the end of my family. I whispered to my mum Mum, he looks nothing same(p) you. Then she told t hat he was her cousin, not her brother.We in some way managed to pack all(prenominal)thing into the Sumo, which is like a type of jeep or taxi. I was squashed in the back, it was very uncomfortable, but I concentrated on allthing about me. There were loads of children coming back from school in their mopeds. Apparently, the timing for our trip had been brilliant for the weather, but our cousins would be taking their exams at this time. In India, the children have to take an exam at the end of every school year the result of this exam determines whether they pull up stakes be allowed into the next class. If they fail, they will have to repeat the year.I felt a bit like an intruder when I comprehendd this, because they would have vital work to do, and I would be expecting them to show me nigh or getting bored. We arrived at the village we would be staying at, Gureh in Ludhiana, Punjab for the next week at around about midnight. I was surprised could say shocked at the state of the house. The standard was better than the trapping in England. The layout is not quite the same, but there was a toilet, a decant shower area, break bedrooms, and they even had a car. I met my aunt, and my cousin Manjit, whos eighteen years old.He seemed quite shy, and always walked with his train waste. His sister who is my age was already gone to sleep. We dumped our bags in our room, and after about an hour, went to sleep. The next day, we got up late(a) and relaxed the whole day. When I met Pardeep, I remembered her from seven years ago straight away. She was pretty cheeky, and sometimes a bit spoilt, but she showed me around the village. I felt ever so conscious of my clothes. I was eating away trousers and a top, but everybody else, in their salwar kameez (type of Indian suit) just smiled.For the next the day of two, we visited relatives from villages that lived near Ludhiana. My uncle pack us. I felt a bit rude, as I didnt remember many of them. One day that week, we took the car ourselves, and I was told I was going to go to Mussayala. This village I could not forget. Last time Ricky and I had commodious fun chasing after the chickens, feeding the cows the chapattis we refused to eat, running around with our uncles and aunts. Theyre actually our age, but its one of the funny age differences that happen a lot in our family tree.At this village lived my great granddad, which gave me something to talk about at home. The only way I can think of to describe Mussayala is that it is one of those ancient forgotten old places in the middle of nowhere. The village had a single toilet, which was sometimes pretty embarrassing. As I thought about how many times we had watched the home video we do from last time, I grew more exited. But when we arrived, in the evening, my cousins acted as if they couldnt figure out who we were. Okay, so maybe my Punjabi wasnt great, but they were so shy. I hoped that this would not carry on.Because my parents had arranged to see an architect about the building on the temporary hookup of land for my grandmother. The only architects we knew of were in Chandigardh, the capital of Punjab. I didnt really have any expectations of the metropolis at first, but was very impressed. We got there on the bus, which isnt the best way of travelling in India. We were out in the town, and got to travel in the rickshaws. The roads were a lot cleaner than those in the villages. It was practically like England. We went an actual fast food restaurant, but it didnt sell meat so we just ordered chips and pizza.I wasnt anticipating there would be so many young college students, who wore the same sort of trousers and top I did. I immediately regretted my decision to wear a traditional suit that day. This was the one time I would have felt comfortable in my normal English clothes, and Id just wasted that chance. The architects had a proper office, and were very professional, not just some back room of a shop, and didnt take long to find. It wasnt a very long meeting, as my parents didnt have enough information about the plot to make a plan.The information had to be really detailed, such as which direction the sun rises. I didnt realise that little things like this affected the construction of a house. We wandered around the centre of the town for a while, and the things I saw made me sure I would have felt comfortable staying here for a few days. But the problem of having too many things to do and too little time to do it in always got in the way. The city is really quite modern and developed in fact, the whole of the country has really progressed in the last seven years.The shantytowns still lie on the outskirts of the towns, but technology is more advanced and the community has noticeably prospered. Some people in the farm villages were even walking around with mobile phones. I think that which area of India you see that affects the overall impression. If you compared somewhere like Mussayala to Gu reh, you can really see the change. The current plan had been to spend one week in Punjab, two weeks in U. P. where my mums family lived, and go to somewhere like Goa or Bangalore for the remaining week, before heading back towards Delhi.Since we had spent so long in Punjab because of this plot business, this was no longer possible. My dad said that it was silly that we thought we could get everything done in only a month. I was delighted that my cousin Pardeep had holidays and could come to U. P. with us. We really couldnt afford to be lazy the day we were leaving, we got ready early that day, but were still delayed, as the Sumo we had hired had to go back and get a roof rack for all of our luggage. My mum gave the servants some money, and we left with everybody waving goodbye. I was very pleasant for their hospitality.This trip took the whole day. Me, Pardeep, Ricky and Amrit sat at the back, parents in the middle and drivers at the front. I just read a magazine, my brother and sister played, and my cousin listened to the Walkman. We stopped off at a few of what would be the equivalent to cafes a few times, bought a supply of crisps and some drink, and went to the latrines while we had the chance. On the route to U. P. , we had to go through a beautiful rural state called Haryana. This is the sort of place where you meet village maids milking cows, there was green grass everywhere and the landscape was beautiful.I had never seen anywhere like it, not even in the Hindi films. On the map, the state was just a small chunk of land. As we came adjacent to the heart of U. P. (my mums family lived south of UP) we saw many women wearing cloths over their heads, there were many more Muslims upkeep here. I also noticed that the signs were written in Hindi. It was annoying, because I couldnt understand what they said, and felt quite ignorant. In Punjab, the main language was Punjabi. Even when the people here spoke Punjabi, they did with a Hindi accent which was di fficult to understand fully.I didnt realise that such a change could happen only across states. As it grew dark, we were just approaching the town nearest to my mums village, Kashipur. We stopped here to buy some bottles of coke. It was here that I began to get exited, we were so near. Pardeep kept telling us how far we were. My mum had already warned me, that most of my cousins my age, would be at their boarding schools, but the younger ones would be here. I was a bit worried, but also enthusiastic. We were all half asleep when we arrived. As we approached the house, I saw a liquidity crisise a tidy sum of people postponement to welcome us.I never realised I had such a big family. We got out, and everyone was hugging everybody else. It felt good, even if you didnt know who was who. My mum began telling how I was related to everyone else which sometimes got a bit confusing. My older cousins were joking, telling me how they were planning to marry me off some overweight drunk from India. They were also joking about my brother, because he doesnt speak such(prenominal) Punjabi. He wouldnt know if we were swearing at him though, would he? Hed just ignore it. This made me laugh.During the next week, some of cousins came from boarding school for a bit, but there was only one day where everyone was there together, and that was on Rickys birthday that was celebrated with a couple of ships company poppers. In the middle of the last week, me and my family, Pardeep, my mums brother and his son, Jatinder, my mums sisters daughter, Kuldeep, and my mums late brothers daughter, Amandeep, who is a bit bratty went on a day trip to Nainital, a village on the foothills of the Himalayas. This is the place my parents visited when they first bought Ricky and me to India.My brother and I of ply couldnt remember the place at all, and didnt understand why they were so keen to go back there again. But when we actually got there, we soon found out. We were all crammed into the bac k of a jeep, and arrived in two and a half hours. During which Jatinder, who was sitting opposite me, flicked nuts at me, tapped me continually and succeeded in annoying me, although he is a year older. Nainital was BRILLIANT. It reminded me of Nepal. The people looked Ne nauseatedse and spoke in a Ne sick of(p)se accent. We even dressed in Nepalese costume and took photos.We went on a few rides, and rode on some horses up the mountains. The view on the ski lift was spectacular, and the scenery of the Himalayas was amazing. Me, Ricky, Jatinder and Pardeep went to on a paddleboat on a large lake for an hour or so. This was tiring, yet relaxing at the same time. It was shortly after this, that we left to go back to UP. I was disappointed when we returned to Delhi for our last night. I didnt miss England at all, not even the tele. There were tears as we left the village. I felt sick at the bottom of my stomach when we waved goodbye.Id got a little throw for each of my cousins, and mad e my uncle insure hed make sure they got them. See you in four months I said to him, as we dragged our entire luggage to the x-rays. I knew there wasnt a good deal chance of my parents letting me come back in the summer holidays, even though I told them I was willing to go alone. Apparently, it was so hot, that I wouldnt be able to survive, and would get ill quickly. When Kuldeep asked me when I was coming back, I jokingly told her on her marry day, though she is only seventeen, but I was surprised when she made keep it as a promise to her.I had picked up many skills throughout the holiday. These include milking a cow, driving a tractor, making ghee, and affront somebody in Punjabi, many of which are pretty useless to me in Britain, but it was the experience of learning theses things from my relatives that I treasure. When the plane landed in Britain, I dont think Ive ever felt so scratch off. I still want to turn around and go straight back. The weather suited my mood perfect ly, it was move down. My friends at school and family said there were three things that had changed about me.My skin colour was darker, or as my friend Shona said, glowing. (This sounded much nicer. ) I had also lost a bit of weight, which I have unfortunately regained. I think the change that most people especially my relatives noticed was, that I spoke much nicer Punjabi, and my words flowed better. I think this is because, in England, I could get away with thinking in English, translating the words into the other language, and then letting them out. Whereas in India, you must think sharply and reply quickly, so I had to train my mind to think, as well as speak in Punjabi, which is why it has better so much.Leaving HomeIt was the last time I saw my set out. My grieving pain for my mothers cheat infinitely grew. She was god in my eyes but was I the god given daughter she had hoped for? customary I had run to her absorbing her warmth as I wrapped my long limbs around her waistl ine. The waist that had carried me for nine months, but was I worth the wait? beats predictable great force would transfer into my atrophied bones forcing me to collapse onto the striped wooden floor. I would land with a thud hoping that the chances of me receiving a hug the next day would increase.Maybe my accidental escape was for the best. Perhaps I was destined for this moment, this was fait in the palms of my hand, waiting for me to reach out and snatch the opportunity. Mother had snatched my rights to live as a normal human creation away. It was forbidden for me to even talk to her. I needed permission. I told my self through every trace that everything would end up right, I was right. Rain, rain everywhere. Summer had died out, until next year. Autumn had approached me. My memory remained in the dexterous days but my solidified body moved on with life.My inner self, deep down, stands proud and dauntless to this world creation signed to god. I always believed that if god brings you to it, he will bring you to it. I was eight. I was blessed with the perfect parents. Both their hearts were fulfilled with passion and care. Every moment was heavenly. I lived in an averaged sized, 3-bedroom apartment in what was considered normal. It was good enough for me. The oval shaped window revealed its outer secrets, the evolution towers bordered with a beautiful skyline. Father was a man of great expectations. A man of many wise words.His broad shoulders would easily swing me from side to side like a wild athirst(p) lion ripping and swinging his possession his raw meat. In my case I was the loving exploit for my Father, the predator, the bread winner of the family. I was his little princess. Mother was a lady, petite sized with a facial nerve appearance carved from the clouds up above, the clouds in heaven. Mother was a woman who glowed with love for me. Her greatest asset was her silky, black locks that matched her thinly waxed eyebrows which also compl imented her brown tan. One day, for the first time every Mother and Father were in their bedroom raving.It wasnt a common sign which usually are positive. I could hear smashing and slamming against the walls. My ears sensed danger. They were noises that I had never heard before. The sense of love that flowed like a river through the air had shattered into broken pieces like corrupted glass which were non-fixable. I could barely make out what was be said. My distraction towards the aromatic spices and herbs from the kitchen flew up my tempted nose. The cuisine had blended with my tears of sadness. I couldnt understand, everything used to be perfect, what could have happened?Before the ar applyent I had thought of Mothers voice as a relaxing tone, melody being played from a magical flute that only she could master. Then the tables had turned. My voice seemed as saccharine as sugar compared to mothers. Hers was now flat and dull. The lifeless mono-tone wasnt Mother at all. It was as if a vacuum had vacuumed out the energy, the encouragement, the enthusiasm. I thought that the past ar put onent was normal for all married couples until it became a trend. To see physical fighting would be less painful than my pain. It felt as if a needle had move to pierce its way through my heart but got stuck leaving never ending pain.The trend became daily. The light ore around both my parents, especially Mother, had faded into the dark shadows. As everyday passed the hatred between the two grew and grew. Mothers once soft, tanned skin mounted with make up for affect had altered to a yellow, pale colour. I preferred Mother without make up but it was far better then perceive Mother like this. She didnt even attempt to make her self look better. You could tell by the way that she lounged around the house that she was too lazy to even care. Mother would sit on the Indian adorn sofas which stood out.The black, long shiny hair had also moved on to knotted tangles. Personally I beatified the bottles containing alcohol that Mother used to wash down accompanied with her finger-sized cigarettes. I would watch her drown her sorrows as the booze over took her mind flooding her inner self with this poison. Mothers behavior began to really show. As much as I detested my life I loved it. Half of my heart, the candy half, told me everything would be attractive and to carry on loving Mother but the other half, the cold half, would send messages to my brain aphonia in my ears for me to leave. To escape Escape to where though?All the pressure from my parents constant arguments was too much for me to handle. My rude(a) brain was over powered. The repeated parrot phrase leave home would haunt me in my dreams. terrene before bed time I would bend my legs, clasp my hands tightly together so pearls of lather would form. I would pray to god with devotion asking for him to solve my problems. I wished to exit my world of show and tension. I never gave up. I waited and waited and waited The day came unexpectedly. With care I would drift pass Mothers negative energy. heavy down my love grew towards Mother no matter what she was.Mother was soft and pleasing like gum on the inside but her hardened shell took over on the outside. She was brainwashed. I was always nippy of every sharp movement she made, every sligh glance she gave me in the corner of her beady camera eyes, every snarl she would utter under her rotten pinch. I quickly limped across the carpet like a sneaky mouse to find my self in front of the powerful door. I called it the deciding door as it decided weather I should leave the house and never return. On the way I had passed the blush wineate red, ribena stain from when I spilt my glass on the floor.Mother had rescued me from injury. The memories were so fresh in my mind. It was as if it were yesterday. As I opened the door, the invisible wind flew in and out of my ears sending shivers up and down my spine as if an elevator were traveling to different floors. I would stand there shivering, imagining myself in Mothers arms. The whole of my Indian coloured skin would cover in goose bumps, each individual one containing a hair all stood up equal sized looking like they were under commandment in an army. My first step onto the African rug could have been my last. I wished.My long legged limbs would co-operate together so I could travel to where I wished to travel. They were under my instructions. I reached the pavement on the sides of the roads. As the first car lead the rest my heat rotated at a ninety degree angle to the right. No cars in sight. As I reached mid point in the road an internal feeling of malady approached me. I looked down to find no blood. My consciousness was fading vastly. As I tried to convey my legs to get up they laid there lifelessly. I blinked once, the blue sky. I blinked twice, half the sky. I blinked 3 times, nothingLeaving HomeIt was the last time I saw my Mother. My grieving pain for my mothers love infinitely grew. She was god in my eyes but was I the god given daughter she had hoped for? Everyday I had run to her absorbing her warmth as I wrapped my long limbs around her waist. The waist that had carried me for nine months, but was I worth the wait? Mothers predictable great force would transfer into my cut bones forcing me to collapse onto the striped wooden floor. I would land with a thud hoping that the chances of me receiving a hug the next day would increase.Maybe my accidental escape was for the best. Perhaps I was destined for this moment, this was fait in the palms of my hand, waiting for me to reach out and snatch the opportunity. Mother had snatched my rights to live as a normal human being away. It was forbidden for me to even talk to her. I needed permission. I told my self through every breath that everything would end up right, I was right. Rain, rain everywhere. Summer had died out, until next year. Autumn had approached me. My memory rema ined in the blissful days but my solidified body moved on with life.My inner self, deep down, stands proud and chivalrous to this world creation signed to god. I always believed that if god brings you to it, he will bring you to it. I was eight. I was blessed with the perfect parents. Both their hearts were fulfilled with love and care. Every moment was heavenly. I lived in an averaged sized, 3-bedroom apartment in what was considered normal. It was good enough for me. The oval shaped window revealed its outer secrets, the maturement towers bordered with a beautiful skyline. Father was a man of great expectations. A man of many wise words.His broad shoulders would easily swing me from side to side like a wild hungry lion ripping and swinging his possession his raw meat. In my case I was the loving precede for my Father, the predator, the bread winner of the family. I was his little princess. Mother was a lady, petite sized with a facial appearance carved from the clouds up abo ve, the clouds in heaven. Mother was a woman who glowed with love for me. Her greatest asset was her silky, black locks that matched her thinly waxed eyebrows which also complimented her brown tan. One day, for the first time every Mother and Father were in their bedroom raving.It wasnt a common sign which usually are positive. I could hear smashing and slamming against the walls. My ears sensed danger. They were noises that I had never heard before. The sense of love that flowed like a river through the air had shattered into broken pieces like corrupted glass which were non-fixable. I could barely make out what was being said. My distraction towards the aromatic spices and herbs from the kitchen flew up my tempted nose. The cuisine had blended with my tears of sadness. I couldnt understand, everything used to be perfect, what could have happened?Before the argument I had thought of Mothers voice as a relaxing tone, music being played from a magical flute that only she could master . Then the tables had turned. My voice seemed as sweet as sugar compared to mothers. Hers was now flat and dull. The lifeless mono-tone wasnt Mother at all. It was as if a make clean had vacuumed out the energy, the encouragement, the enthusiasm. I thought that the past argument was normal for all married couples until it became a trend. To see physical fighting would be less painful than my pain. It felt as if a needle had seek to pierce its way through my heart but got stuck leaving never ending pain.The trend became daily. The light ore around both my parents, especially Mother, had faded into the dark shadows. As everyday passed the hatred between the two grew and grew. Mothers once soft, tanned skin mounted with make up for affect had altered to a yellow, pale colour. I preferred Mother without make up but it was far better then seeing Mother like this. She didnt even attempt to make her self look better. You could tell by the way that she lounged around the house that she wa s too lazy to even care. Mother would sit on the Indian adorn sofas which stood out.The black, long shiny hair had also moved on to knotted tangles. Personally I peck the bottles containing alcohol that Mother used to wash down accompanied with her finger-sized cigarettes. I would watch her drown her sorrows as the booze over took her mind flooding her inner self with this poison. Mothers behavior began to really show. As much as I detested my life I loved it. Half of my heart, the candy half, told me everything would be lovely and to carry on loving Mother but the other half, the cold half, would send messages to my brain murmuring in my ears for me to leave. To escape Escape to where though?All the pressure from my parents constant arguments was too much for me to handle. My naked brain was over powered. The repeated parrot phrase leave home would haunt me in my dreams. Everyday before bed time I would bend my legs, clasp my hands tightly together so pearls of effort would f orm. I would pray to god with devotion asking for him to solve my problems. I wished to exit my world of stress and tension. I never gave up. I waited and waited and waited The day came unexpectedly. With care I would drift pass Mothers negative energy. chummy down my love grew towards Mother no matter what she was.Mother was soft and sweet like gum on the inside but her hardened shell took over on the outside. She was brainwashed. I was always terrific of every sharp movement she made, every sligh glance she gave me in the corner of her beady camera eyes, every snarl she would utter under her rotten breath. I quickly limped across the carpet like a sneaky mouse to find my self in front of the powerful door. I called it the deciding door as it decided weather I should leave the house and never return. On the way I had passed the rose red, ribena stain from when I spilt my glass on the floor.Mother had rescued me from injury. The memories were so fresh in my mind. It was as if it w ere yesterday. As I opened the door, the invisible wind flew in and out of my ears sending shivers up and down my spine as if an elevator were traveling to different floors. I would stand there shivering, imagining myself in Mothers arms. The whole of my Indian coloured skin would cover in goose bumps, each individual one containing a hair all stood up equal sized looking like they were under commandment in an army. My first step onto the African rug could have been my last. I wished.My long legged limbs would co-operate together so I could travel to where I wished to travel. They were under my instructions. I reached the pavement on the sides of the roads. As the first car lead the rest my heat rotated at a ninety degree angle to the right. No cars in sight. As I reached mid point in the road an internal feeling of malady approached me. I looked down to find no blood. My consciousness was fading vastly. As I tried to take aim my legs to get up they laid there lifelessly. I blinke d once, the blue sky. I blinked twice, half the sky. I blinked 3 times, nothing